Neurology is a branch of medicine dealing with disorders of the nervous system. Medical professionals (such as Biomedical Doctors and Physicians) specializing in the field of neurology are called neurologists and are trained to diagnose, treat, and manage patients with neurological disorders. Most neurologists are trained to treat and diagnose adults with neurological disorders. Pediatric neurologists, nearly always a subspecialty of pediatrics, treat neurological disease in children. Neurologists may also be involved in clinical research, clinical trials, as well as basic research and translational research.

Field of work

Neurological disorders are disorders that affect the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord), the peripheral nervous system (peripheral nerves - cranial nerves included), or the autonomic nervous system.
Major conditions include:

• behavioral/cognitive syndromes
• headache disorders such as migraine, cluster headache and tension headache [seizure]] disorders
• neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (Lou Gehrig's disease).
• cerebrovascular disease, such as transient ischemic attack and stroke.
• sleep disorders
• cerebral palsy
• infections of the brain (encephalitis), brain meninges (meningitis), spinal cord (myelitis)
• infections of the peripheral nervous system, such as botulism
• neoplasms - tumors of the brain and its meninges (brain tumors), spinal cord tumors, tumors of the peripheral nerves (neuroma)
• movement disorders such as Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, hemiballismus, tic disorder, and Gilles de la Tourette syndrome
• demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system, such as multiple sclerosis, and of the peripheral nervous system, such as Guillain-Barr syndrome and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP)
• spinal cord disorders - tumors, infections, trauma, malformations (e.g., myelocele, meningomyelocele, tethered cord)
• disorders of peripheral nerves, muscle (myopathy) and neuromuscular junctions
• traumatic injuries to the brain, spinal cord and peripheral nerves
• altered mental status, encephalopathy, stupor and coma
• speech and language disorders